Exploring Fire Effects on Amphibian Communities

1. Abbott I. Impact of Agricultural Development and Changed Fire Regimes on Species Composition of the Avifauna in the Denmark Region of Southwest Western Australia, 1889-1999. Calmscience. 2000;3(3):279-308.
   

2. Adams R. Ecological Effects of Fire Fighting Foams and Retardants: A Summary. Australian Forestry. 1999;62(4):307-314.

3. Agee JK. Alternatives For Implementing Fire Policy . 1993 Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
   Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy

4. Agee JK. A Coarse-Filter Strategy. FORUM for Applied Research and Public Policy. Spring, 1999;15-19.
   Keywords: fire policy/ land management

5. Agee JK. Fire In Restoration of Oregon White Oak Woodlands . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
   Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration/ regeneration

6. Agee JK. Landscape Fire Regimes and Their Implications For Wildlife. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest: Research, Policy, and Management: The Biological Setting: Fire Ecology and Fire Behavior; Spokane, WA. 10-12.
   Keywords: fire regime/ wildlife management

7. Agee JK, Mutch RW, Cook WA. Fire Regimes and Approaches for Determining Fire History: Restoring Fire to Ecosystems: Methods Vary With Land Management Goals. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
   Keywords: fire regime/ fire history

8. Ahlgren CE. Small Mammals and Reforestation Following Prescribed Burning. Journal of Forestry. 1966;64:614-618.
   Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed fire/ logging/ mammals

9. Amman GD, Ryan KC. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1991.
   Keywords: fire effects/ insect infestation

10. Andersen AN, Muller WJ. Arthropod Responses to Experimental Fire Regimes in an Australian Tropical Savannah: Ordinal-Level Analysis. Austral Ecology. 2000;25(2):199-209.
    

11. Ansley RJ, Kramp BA, Moore TR. Development and Management of Mesquite Savanna Using Low Intensity Prescribed Fires. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:155-161.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ burn prescriptions/ fire effects

12. Aquilani SM, LeBlanc DC, Morrell TE. Effects of Prescribed Surface Fires on Ground- and Shrub-Nesting Neotropical Migratory Birds in a Mature Indiana Oak Forest, USA. Natural Areas Journal. 2000;20(4):317-324.
    

13. Arnett EB, Cook JG, Irwin LL, Lindzey FG. Bighorn Sheep Response to Wildfire and Prescribed Burning: Modeling Habitat Relationships and Probability of Use. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session C; Spokane, WA. 103-109.
    Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ mammals

14. Arno MK. Reestablishing Fire-Adapted Communities to Riparian Forests in the Ponderosa Pine Zone . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration/ forest ecology/ forest management/ logging

15. Arno SF. The Concept: Restoring Ecological Structure and Process in Ponderosa Pine Forests. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
    Keywords: restoration/ prescribed fire/ forest management

16. Arno SF. The Seminal Importance of Fire in Ecosystem Management: Impetus for This Publication. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996.
    Keywords: forest management/ wildland fire/ restoration

17. Arno SF, Scott JH, Hartwell MG. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995.
    Keywords: succession/ forest ecology/ restoration/ fire history

18. Arno SF, Smith HY, Krebs MA. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.
    Keywords: forest ecology/ succession/ regeneration/ fire history

19. Arno SF, Sneck KM. A Method for Determining Fire History in Coniferous Forests of the Mountain West; 1977.
    Keywords: fire effects/ fire history/ fire ecology/ suppression

20. Atzet T. Fire Regimes and Restoration Needs in Southwestern Oregon . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996: Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration/ fire regime

21. Babbitt LH, Corinne H. Babbitt. A Herpetological Study of Burned-Over Areas in Dade County, Florida. Copeia. 1951;59.
    Keywords: herpetofauna/ amphibians/ reptiles/ fire effects/ prescribed burning/ Florida

22. Bailey JK, Whitham TG. Interactions Among Fire, Aspen, and Elk Affect Insect Diversity: Reversal of a Community Response. Ecology. 2002; 83(6):1701-1712.
    

23. Bamford MJ. The Impact of Fire and Increasing Time After Fire Upon Helleioporus eyrei, Limnodynastes dorsalis, and Myobatrachus gouldii (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Banksia Woodland Near Perth, Western Australia. Wildlife Research. 1992;19:169-178.
    Keywords: amphibians/ burrowing frogs/ Helleioporus eyrei/ Limnodynastes dorsalis/ Myobatrachus gouldi/ mark-recapture/ invertebrates/ fire effects/ prescribed burning/ fire history/ vegetation composition/ ground cover/ Banksia woodland/ Western Australia
    

24. Barnes CW, Groth JV. Effects of Fire on Annual Infection Levels of Big Bluestem by Puccinia andropogonis. Phytopathology. 2002;92((6 Supplement).):S6.
    

25. Barnes ME. Effects of Large Herbivores and Fire on the Regeneration of Acacia erioloba Woodlands in Chobe National Park, Botswana. African Journal of Ecology. 2001;39(4):340-350.
    

26. Bartos D. Aspen, Fire and Wildlife. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 44-48.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ regeneration

27. Beck AM, Vogl. R.J. The Effects of Spring Burning on Rodent Populations in a Brush Prairie Savanna. Journal of Mammalogy. 1972;53:336-346.
    Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed fire/ mammals/ demographics

28. Begg RJ, Martin KC, Price NF. The Small Mammals of Little Nourlangie Rock, N. T. V. The Effects of Fire. Australian Wildlife Research. 1981;8:515-527.
    Keywords: fire effects/ mammals

29. Bevis KR, King GM, Hanson EE. Spotted Owls and 1994 Fires on the Yakama Indian Reservation. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d'Alene, ID. IAWF; 117-122.
    Keywords: wildland fire/ fire severity/ forest management/ birds

30. Blair JM. Fire, N Availability, and Plant Response in Grasslands: A Test of the Transient Maxima Hypothesis. Ecology. 1996;78:2359-2368.
    Keywords: soil chemistry/ prescribed fire/ wildland fire

31. Bock CE, Bock JH. Shrub Densities in Relation to Fire, Livestock Grazing, and Precipitation in an Arizona Desert Grassland. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1997;42:188-193.
    Keywords: fire effects/ desert ecology/ shrub community/ grazing effects/ climatic regime

32. Boldog A, Brinn P. Growing Season Prescribed Fire and Summer Wildfire on the Conecuh National Forest. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:321.
    Keywords: fire effects/ fire behavior/ fire regime/ prescribed fire

33. Boroja MT, Sanchez KD, Gertsch RM. Collaborative Interagency Management of Threatened and Endangered Species in Fire Adapted Forest Ecosystems. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference : Coeur d'Alene, ID. IAWF.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ suppression/ forest management

34. Botti SJ, Nichols HT. Availability of Fire Resources and Funding for Prescribed Natural Fire Progams in the National Park Service . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy

35. Boyd CS, Bidwell TG. Influence of Prescribed Fire on Lesser Prairie-Chicken Hhabitat in Shinnery Oak Communities in Western Oklahoma. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 2001;29(3):938-947.
    

36. Bozek MA, Young MK. Fish Mortality Resulting From Delayed Effects of Fire in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Great Basin Naturalist. 1994;54:91-95.
    Keywords: fish/ fire/ suspended sediment/ debris torrent/ stream ecology

37. Bradley AF, Fischer WC, Noste NV. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station ; 1992.
    Keywords: fire effects/ forest ecology/ fuels

38. Bradley J. Political Considerations of Park and Wilderness Management . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: fire policy/ wildland fire

39. Bragg DC. Simulating Catastrophic and Individualistic Large Woody Debris Recruitment for a Small Riparian System. Ecology. 2000;81(5):1383-1394.
    Keywords: catastrophic disturbance/ clearcut/ large woody debris/ CWD model/ fire/ forest vegeation simulator/ individual mortality/ old-growth/ spruce beetle/ spruce-fir
    

40. Braithwaite R, Estbergs J. Fire-Birds of the Top End. Australian Natural History. Summer, 1987-Summer, 1988:(Vol. 22, No. 7);299-302.
    Keywords: fire effects/ birds/ wildlife management
    Abstract: No abstract

41. Braithwaite RW. Effects of Fire Regimes on Lizards in the Wet-Dry Tropics of Australia. J. Trop. Ecol. 1987;3:265-275.
    Keywords: reptiles/ lizards/ fire effects/ habitat selection/ fire intensity/ fire regime/ forest management/ wet-dry tropics/ Australia
    

42. Breininger DR, Schmalzer PA, Hinkle CR. Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Densities in Coastal Scrub and Slash Pine Flatwoods in Florida. J. Herpetol. 1994;28:60-65.
    Keywords: herpetofauna/ reptiles/ gopher tortoise / Gopherus polyphemus/ threatened species/ population density/ habitat use/ coastal scrub/ slash pine flatwoods/ stand structure / understory vegetation / herbaceous cover/ prescribed burning / Florida
    

43. Brennan LA, Engstrom RT, Palmer WE, et al. Whither Wildlife Without Fire? Trans. 63rd No. Am. Wildl. and Natur. Resour. Conf.: 1998.
    Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed fire/ forest management/ southern forests
    

44. Brockett B H , Biggs H C, van Wilgen B W. A Patch Mosaic Burning System for Conservation Areas in Southern African Savannas. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2001;10(2):169-183.
    

45. Brockway DG, Gatewood RG, Paris RB. Restoring Fire as an Ecological Process in Shortgrass Prairie Ecosystems: Initial Effects of Prescribed Burning During the Dormant and Growing Seasons. Journal of Environmental Management. 2002;65:135-152.
    

46. Brockway DG, Lewis CE. Long-Term Effects of Dormant-Season Prescribed Fire on Plant Community Diversity, Structure and Productivity in a Longleaf Pine Wiregrass Ecosystem. Forest Ecology and Management. 1996;96:167-183.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ longleaf pine wiregrass system/ community ecology/ fire effects/ long-term research

47. Brown DK, Echelle AA, Propst DL, Brooks JE, Fisher WL. Catastrophic Wildfire and Number of Populations as Factors Influencing Risk of Extinction for Gila Trout (Oncorhynchus gilae). Western North American Naturalist. 2001;61(2):139-148.
    Keywords: Gila trout/ Oncorhynchus gilae/ endangered species/ southwestern New Mexico/ management/ sensitivity/ wildfire/ fire severity
    

48. Brown JK, Arno SF, Bradshaw LS, Menakis JP. Comparing the Selway-Bitterroot Fire Program With Presettlement Fires . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ fire history
    

49. Brown JK, Reinhardt ED, Fischer, William C. Predicting Duff and Woody Fuel Consumption in Northern Idaho Prescribed Fires. Forest Science. 37:1550-1566.
    Keywords: fire effects/ logging/ fuels/ prescribed Fire/ fuel moisture

50. Brown TK, Bright LB. Wildlife Habitat Sustainability and Restoration in Relationship to Forest Fires. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 97-102.
    Keywords: fire effects/ restoration

51. Bunnell DL. Prescribed Natural Fire Planning Considerations: Negotiating Conflicting Goals . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

52. Bunting SC. Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement in Woodland and Shrub-Steppe Ecosystems. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Section A; Spokane, WA. 37-38.
    Keywords: prescribed fire

53. Bury RB, Major DJ, Pilliod DS. Responses Of Amphibians To Fire Disturbance In Pacific Northwest Forests: A Review. Ford WM, Russell KR, Moorman CE, Editors. The Role Of Fire In Nongame Wildlife Management And Community Restoration: Traditional Uses And New Directions. USDA; GTR-NE-288:34-42.
    

54. Cambell VL, Bush J. Cooperative Interagency Forest Recovery Efforts - Dealing with the Fire's Aftermath. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference.: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. U.S.A.: IAWF; 1997.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ wildland fire/ restoration/ fire policy

55. Camp AE, Hessburg PF, Everett RL. Dynamically Incorporating Late-Successional Forest in Sustainable Landscapes. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
    Keywords: fire ecology/ succession/ landscape ecology

56. Campbell BD, Malcolm JR. Breeding bird communities of closed-canopy boreal mixedwood forests following fire and logging disturbance. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2001;86(66).
    Keywords: assemblage diversity/ biodiversity conservation/ breeding bird community characteristics/ coarse woody debris heterogeneity/ community composition/ fire disturbance/ forest canopy structure/ forest management/ ground nesting/ landscape composition/ landscape patchiness/ logging disturbance/ southern closed-canopy boreal mixedwood forest ecosystem/ stand age/ stand structure

57. Cannon SH, Powers PS, Savage WZ. Fire-Related Hyperconcentrated And Debris Flows On Storm King Mountain, Glenwood Springs, Colorado, USA. Environmetal Geology. 1998;35:210-218.
    Keywords: wildland fire/ erosion

58. Caton E. Effects of Fire and Salvage Logging on a Cavity-Nesting Bird Community. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 78.
    Keywords: fire effects/ logging/ birds

59. Cavitt JF. Fire and a Tallgrass Prairie Reptile Community: Effects on Relative Abundance and Seasonal Activity. Journal of Herpetology. 2000;34:12-20.
    

60. Chambers MS, Duncan Edward A. Prescribed Natural Fire and Air Quality: Identifying The Real Problem . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ emission
    

61. Christian DP. Effects of Fire on Small Mammal Populations in a Desert Grassland. Journal of Mammalogy. 1977;58:423-427.
    Keywords: fire effects/ mammals/ grasslands

62. Cione NK, Padgett PE, Allen EB. Restoration of a native shrubland impacted by exotic grasses, frequent fire, and nitrogen deposition in southern California. Restoration Ecology. 2002;10(2):376-384.
    

63. Cissel JH, Swanson FJ, Grant GE, et al. Portland, Oregon: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1998.
    Keywords: fire ecology/ fire history/ landscape ecology

64. Clinton BD, Vose JM, Swank WT. Site Preparation Burning To Improve Southern Appalachian Pine-Hardwood Stands: Vegetation Composition And Diversity Of 13-Year-Old Stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 1993;23:2271-2277.
    Keywords: fire/ site preparation/ southern Appalachian/ pine-hardwood
    

65. Clinton BD, Vose JM, Swank WT. Shifts In Aboveground And Forest Floor Carbon And Nitrogen Pools After Felling And Burning In The Southern Appalachians. Forest Science. 1996;42(4):431-441.
    Keywords: fire/ site preparation/ nutrient retention/ stand restoration/ Kalmia latifolia L.
    

66. Coats R. Agency Planning Considerations are Critical . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
    Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy
    

67. Cole D. Ecosystem Dynamics in the Coniferous Forest. Journal of Biogeography. 1977;4:181-192.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ forest management

68. Cole DN. Defining Fire and Wilderness Objectives: Applying Limits of Acceptable Change . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995.
    Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

69. Cole EC, McComb WC, Newton M, Chambers CL, Leeming JP. Response Of Amphibians To Clearcutting, Burning, And Glyphosate Application In The Oregon Coast Range. J. Wildl. Manage. 1997;61(3):656-664.
    Keywords: Ensatina/ Ensatina eschscholtzii/ Pacific giant salamander/ Dicamptodon tenebrosus/ western redback salamander/ Plethodon vehiculum/ rough-skin newt/ Taricha granulosa/ Dunn's salamander/ Plethodon dunni/ red-legged frog/ Rana aurora/ herpetofauna/ amphibians/ frogs/ fire effects/ prescribed burning/ herbicide/ forest management/ coniferous forest/ riparian hardwoods / pacific northwest/ Oregon
    

70. Coloff SG. Air Quality and Prescribed Fire: Striving for a Common Goal . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
    Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ emission
    

71. Connelly JW, Reese KP, Fischer RA, Wakkinen WL. Response Of A Sage Grouse Breeding Population To Fire In Southeastern Idaho. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 2000;28(1):90-96.
    

72. Constible JM, Gregory PT, Anholt BR. Patterns Of Distribution, Relative Abundance, And Microhabitat Use Of Anurans In A Boreal Landscape Influenced By Fire And Timber Harvest. Ecoscience. 2001;8(4):462-470.
    Keywords: anurans/ boreal forest/ ecosystem management/ fire/ forestry/ microhabitat use/ stepwise logistic regression
    

73. Cook SF. The Effects of Fire on a Population of Small Rodents. Ecology. 1959;40:102-108.
    Keywords: fire effects/ rodents/ wildland fire

74. Crane MFHJRFWC. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station ; 1983.
    Keywords: fire effects/ restoration/ fuels/ regeneration/ forest ecology

75. Cross D. Fire and Fish: Fish Habitat Attributes of Watersheds with Pulse and Press Disturbance Patterns. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d'Alene, ID. IAWF; 59-64.
    Keywords: fire effects/ fish

76. Crowner AW, Barrett GW. Effects of Fire on the Small Mammal Component of an Experimental Grassland Community. Journal of Mammalogy. 1979;60:803-813.
    Keywords: fire effects/ rodents

77. Davis MA, Peterson DW, Reich PB, et al. Restoring Savanna Using Fire: Impact on the Breeding Bird Community. Restoration Ecology. 2000;8:30-40.
    

78. de Klerk J, Brown LR, Bezuidenhout H, Castley G. The Estimation Of Herbage Yields Under Fire And Grazing Treatments In The Mountain Zebra National Park. Koedoe. 2001:9-15.
    

79. DeByle NV. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1981.
    Keywords: fire effects/ fire severity/ forest ecology/ regeneration/ slashburning

80. Dees CS, Clark JD, Van Manen FT. Florida Panther Habitat Use in Response to Prescribed Fire. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2001;65:141-147.
    

81. DellaSala DA, Anthony RG, Spies T, Engel K. Management of Bald Eagle Communal Roosts in Fire-Adapted Mixed-Conifer Forests. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session C; Spokane, WA. 119.
    Keywords: fire effects/ logging/ suppression/ forest management/ birds

82. Dickinson KJM, Kirpatrick JB. Fuel dynamics, fire risk and economic productivity in Tasmanian dry Eucalypt forests on Dolerite. Journal of Environmental Management. 1987;25:197-214.
    Keywords: fuels/ forest management/ logging

83. Doyle KM, Knight Dennis H., Taylor DL, Barmore WJ, Benedict JM. Seventeen Years Of Forest Succession Following The Waterfalls Canyon Fire In Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 1998;8:45-55.
    Keywords: fire severity/ fire effects/ wildland fire/ demographics

84. Driscoll DA, Roberts JD. Impact of Fuel-Reduction Burning on the Frog Geocrinia lutea in Southwest Western Australia. Aust. J. Ecol. 1997;22:334-339.
    Keywords: amphibians/ anuran/ frogs/ conservation/ fire effects/ control burn/ prescribed burn/ eggs/ larvae/ survival/ forest management/ Australia/ Western Australia
    

85. Duck TA, Esque TC, Hughes TJ. Fighting Wildfire In Desert Tortoise Habitat: Considerations For Land Managers. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. 1997.
    Keywords: desert tortoise/ **/ wildfire/ risk reduction/ interdisciplanary planning/ Mojave desert/ Utah/ Arizona
    

86. Elliott JG, Parker RS. Developing A Post-Fire Flood Chronology And Recurrence Probability From Alluvial Stratigraphy In The Buffalo Creek Watershed, Colorado, USA. Hydrological Processes. 2001;15(15):3039-3052.
    Keywords: forest fire/ flood/ erosion/ sedimentation/ stratigraphy/ chronology/ recurrence
    

87. Elliott KJ, Vose JM. Site Preparation Burning To Improve Southern Appalachian Pine-Hardwood Stands: Photosynthesis, Water Relations, And Growth Of Planted Pinus Strobus During Establishment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 1993;23:2278.
    Keywords: fire/ site preparation/ prescribed burning/ appalachians

88. Elliott KJHRLMAEVJMSWT. Vegetation Dynamics After A Prescribed Fire In The Southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management. 1999;114:199-213.
    Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration/ forest management/ fire effects/ pine-oak heath/ restoration/ mortality/ kalmia latifolia/ pinus rigida/ quercus spp./ herbaceous flora/ diversity
    

89. Emlen JT. Habitat Selection by Birds Following a Forest Fire. Ecology. 1970;51:343-345.
    Keywords: fire effects/ birds/ wildland fire

90. Ernst CH, Boucher TP, Sekscienski SW, Wilgenbusch JC. Fire Ecology and the Florida Box Turtle, Terrapene carolina bauri. Herpetol. Rev. 1995;26:185-187.
    Keywords: Florida box turtle / Terrapene carolina bauri / reptiles / herpetofauna / fire ecology / fire effects / burn damage / demographics/ body size / carapace length / carapace height / pine flatwoods/ Florida
    

91. Erwin WJ, Richard H. Stasiak. Vertebrate Mortality During the Burning of a Reestablished Prairie in Nebraska. American Midland Naturalist. 1979;101:247-249.
    Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed burning/ vertebrates/ reptiles/ rodents/ birds/ prairie/ Nebraska/ bull snake/ Pituophis melanoleucas/ plains garter snake/ Thamnophis radix/ red-sided garter snake/ Thamnophis sirtalis
    

92. Fair WS, Scott E. Henke. Effects of Habitat Manipulations on Texas Horned Lizards and Their Prey. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1997;61:1366-1370.
    Keywords: Conservation Reserve Program/ habitat manipulation/ grazing/ disking/ prescribed burning/ harvester ant/ Pogonomyrmex/ Texas horned lizard/ Phrynosoma cornutum/ fire effects
    

93. Feller MC. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada: Information Services Branch--B.C. Ministry of Forests; 1982.
    Keywords: fire effects/ slashburning

94. Ferry G. Implementing Programs and Future Opportunities: East and West . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
    Keywords: land management/ fire policy/ prescribed fire

     

95. Finney MA. USDA, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station; 1998.
    Keywords: fire behavior/ modeling

96. Fischer WC, Bradley AF. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1987.
    Keywords: fire ecology/ forest ecology/ fuels/ forest management

97. Fleishman Erica . Monitoring the response of butterfly communities to prescribed fire. Environmental Management. 2000;26(6):685-695.
    

98. Fonda RW. Burning Characteristics of Needles From Eight Pine Species. Forest Science . 2001;47(3):390-396.
    Keywords: needle flammability/ fire resisters/ fire evaders/ western pines/ eastern pines/ fire
    

99. Ford WM, Menzel AM, McGill DW, Laerm J, McCay TS. Effects of a community restoration fire on small mammals and herpetofauna in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management. 1999;114:233-243.
    Keywords: community restoration/ herpetofauna/ pitch pine/ prescribed fire/ small mammals
    

100. Foster DR, Knight Dennis H., Franklin JF. Landscape Patterns And Legacies Resulting From Large, Infrequent Forest Disturbances. Ecosystems. 1999;1:497-510.
     Keywords: disturbance/ forest ecosystem/ landscape/ legacy/ fire/ hurricane/ tornado/ flood/ volcano/ Mt. St. Helens/ Yellowstone fires/ Mississippi River
     

101. Fox BJ. Fire and Mammalian Secondary Sucession in an Australian Coastal Heath. Ecology. 1982;63:1332-1341.
     Keywords: fire effects/ succession/ mammals

102. Frandsen WH. Ignition Probability of OrganicSoils. Canadian Journal of Forestry Resources. 1997 ;27:1471-1477.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ sampling methods

103. Fredericksen NJ, Fredericksen TS. Terrestrial wildlife responses to logging and fire in a Bolivian tropical humid forest. Biodiversity & Conservation. 2002;11(1):27-38.
     

104. Frenkel RE. Assessing Six Years of Annual Prescribed Burns in a Willamette Valley Wet Prairie. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 49-52.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire effects/ land management

105. Friend GR. Impact Of Fire On Small Vertebrates In Mallee Woodlands And Heathlands Of Temperate Australia: A Review. Biological Conservation. 1993;65:99-114.
     Keywords: Australia/ small vertebrates/ mallee woodlands/ fire/ seral responses/ amphibians/ reptiles/ life history
     

106. Gabrey Steven W , Afton Alan D. Effects Of Winter Marsh Burning On Abundance And Nesting Activity Of Louisiana Seaside Sparrows In The Gulf Coast Chenier Plain. Wilson Bulletin. 2000;112(3):365-372.
     

107. Gaines WL, Strand RA, Piper SD. Effects of the Hatchery Complex Fires on Northern Spotted Owls in the Eastern Washington Cascades. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:123.
     Keywords: fire effects/ wildland fires/ birds

108. Gamradt SC, Kats LB. Impact Of Chaparral Wildfire-Induced Sedimentation On Oviposition Of Stream-Breeding California Newts (Taricha Torosa). Oecologia. 1997;110:546-549.
     Keywords: fire effects/ chaparral/ sedimentation/ amphibians/ reproduction
     

109. Gandhi Kamal J K, Spence John R, Langor David W, Morgantini Luigi E. Fire residuals as habitat reserves for epigaeic beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae and Staphylinidae). Biological Conservation. 2001;102(2):131-141.
     

110. Geier-Hayes K. The Impact of Post-Fire Seeded Grasses on Native Vegetative Communities in Central Idaho. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:29.
     Keywords: restoration/ regeneration/ wildland fires/ fire effects

111. Gibbons P , Lindenmayer D B , Barry S C , Tanton M T., Institution. The Effects Of Slash Burning On The Mortality And Collapse Of Trees Retained On Logged Sites In South-Eastern Australia. Forest Ecology & Management. 2000;139(1-3):51-61.
     

112. Gill AM, McCarthy MA. Intervals Between Prescribed Fires In Australia: What Intrinsic Variation Should Apply? Biological Conservation. 1998;85:161-169.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire intervals/ fire frequency/ fire suppression/ conservation/ biodiversity
     

113. Gordon CE. Fire and Cattle Grazing on Wintering Sparrows in Arizona Grasslands. Journal of Range Management. 2000;53:384-389.
     

114. Grafe T Ulmar , Doebler Stefanie , Linsenmair K Eduard. Frogs Flee From the Sound of Fire. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. 2002;269(1495):993-1003.
     

115. Greenberg CH, Neary DG, Harris LD. Effect Of High-Intensity Wildfire And Silvicultural Treatments On Reptile Communities In Sand-Pine Scrub. Conservation Biology. 1994;8:1047-1057.
     Keywords: clearcutting/ disturbance/ fire effects/ forest management/ salvage logging/ lizards/ site preparation/ wildland fire
     

116. Greene SE, Evenden A. The Role of Fire in Research Natural Areas in the Northern Rockies and Pacific Northwest . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
     Keywords: fire policy/ suppression/ prescribed fire

117. Gresswell RE. Ecological Effects of Fire on Aquatic Biota. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Post-Fire Rehabilitation and Recovery; Spokane, WA. 65.
     Keywords: fire effects/ aquatic ecology

118. Griffiths AD, K. A. Christian. The Effects of Fire on the Frillneck Lizard (Chlamydosarus kingii) in Northern Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology. 1996;21:386-398.
     Keywords: frillneck lizard/ Chlamydosaurus kingii/ ecology/ fire effects/ prescribed burning/ habitat use/ diet/ tropical savanna/ Northern Territory
     

119. Gruell GE. To Burn or Not to Burn: A Wildlife Management Dilemma. Western Wildland. 1984;9-15.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ wildlife management

120. Haddow D. Involvement of Wilderness and Park Fire Managers in Developing Air Quality Regulations . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ emission

121. Hailey Adrian . The Effects Of Fire And Mechanical Habitat Destruction On Survival Of The Tortoise Testudo Hermanni In Northern Greece. Biological Conservation. 2000;92(3):321-333.
     Keywords: fire/ Greece/ habitat destruction/ survival rate/ tortoise
     

122. Hale RC, La Guardia MJ, Harvey E, Mainor TM. Potential Role Of Fire Retardant-Treated Polyurethane Foam As A Source Of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers To The US Environment. Chemosphere. 2002;46(5):729-735.
     Keywords: bioaccumulation/ frog/ sewage sludge/ insect/ sediment/ soil/ fire retardant/ fire effects
     

123. Hardy CC, Reinhardt ED. Modeling Effects of Prescribed Fire on Wildlife Habitat: Stand Structure, Snag Recruitment and Coarse Woody Debris. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Fire Behavior and Fire Effects Models; Spokane, WA. 67-74.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ modeling

124. Harper MG, Dietrich CH, Larimore RL, Tessene PA. Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Prairie Arthropods: An Enclosure Study. Natural Areas Journal. 2000;20(4):325-335.
     

125. Harrington MG. Fire Management in Interior Douglas-Fir Forests. Society of American Foresters: Spokane, Washington. Pullman, WA: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University; 1991.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire effects/ land management

126. Harrington MG. Prescribed Fire Applications: Restoring Ecological Structure and Process in Ponderosa Pine Forests. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration

127. Hartwell M, Alaback P. Determination of Fire-Initiated Landscape Patterns: Restoring Fire Mosaics on the Landscape . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: restoration/ landscape ecology/ prescribed fire/ fire mosaics

128. Hermann SM, Van Hook T, Flowers RW, et al. Fire and Biodiversity: Studies of Vegetation and Arthropods. Trans. 63rd North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference: 1998.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ forest management/ fire regime

129. Herrando Sergi , Brotons Lluis. Fluctuating Asymmetry In Sardinian Warblers Sylvia Melanocephala Inhabiting Two Shrublands Affected By Fire. Bird Study. 2001;48(2):180-187.
     

130. Hillis M, Applegate V. Shrub Response from Prescribed Burns on the Lolo National Forest: Net Changes in Ungulate Forage Production, Relationship to Residual Conifer Crown Density and Fire Intensity, and Strategies for Successful Burning. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 43.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ forest management

131. Hobson KA, Schieck J. Changes In Bird Communities In Boreal Mixedwood Forest: Harvest And Wildfire Effects Over 30 Years. Ecological Applications. 1999;9:849-863.
     Keywords: avian communities/ boreal forest management/ fire salvage/ forest harvest/ natural disturbance/ TWINSPAN/ vegetation structure/ wildfire
     

132. Howard WE, R. L. Fenner, H. E. Childs Jr. Wildlife Survival in Brush Burns. J. Range Manage. 1959;12:230-234.
     Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed burning/ small mammals/ reptiles/ fire temperature/ California
     

133. Howell PJ. Effects Of Disturbance And Management Of Forest Health On Fish And Fish Habitat In Eastern Oregon And Washington. Northwest Science. 2001;75(Special Issue):157-165.
     Keywords: fire/ disease/ forest disturbance/ fish/ fish habitat
     

134. Huffman EL, MacDonald LH, Stednick JD. Strength And Persistence Of Fire-Induced Soil Hydrophobicity Under Ponderosa And Lodgepole Pine Colorado Front Range. Hydrological Processes. 2001;15(15):2877-2892.
     Keywords: soil hydrophobicity/ water repellency/ burn severity/ soil texture/ Colorado Front Range/ critical surface tension/ ponderosa pine/ lodge/ pole pine
     

135. Hurd EJ, Jr. Fire in Wilderness and Parks: Political Issues . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Constraints and Solutions.
     Keywords: fire policy/ journalism/ land management

136. Husari SJ. Fire Management in Small Wilderness Areas and Parks . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy

137. Hutto RL. Composition of Bird Communities Following Stand-Replacement Fires in Northern Rocky Mountain (U.S.A.) Conifer Forests. Conservation Biology. 1995;9:1041-1058.
     Keywords: fire effects/ birds/ demographics
     

138. Jacobs DF, Cole DW, McBride JR. Fire History and Perpetuation of Natural Coast Redwwod Ecosystems. Journal of Forestry. 1985;494-497.
     Keywords: fire history/ fire regime/ prescribed fire

139. Jarvis DT. Smokey Science Meets Ecosystem Management: A Vision of the Future . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ fire policy/ prescribed fire

140. Jensen JB. Distribution of the Pine Barrens treefrog, Hyla andersonii, in Conecuh National Forest, Alabama. Journal of the Alabama Academy of Science. 1992;63:59.
     Keywords: Pine Barrens treefrog / Hyla andersonii / amphibians / herpetofauna species distribution / habitat suitability / fire suppression / Conecuh National Forest / Alabama / south central
     

141. Johnson VJ. Prescribed Burning: Requiem or Renaissance. Journal of Forestry. 1984;82-91.
     Keywords: prescribed fire

142. Johnston M, Elliot J. The Effect Of Fire Severity On Ash, And Plant And Soil Nutrient Levels Following Experimental Burning In A Boreal Mixedwood Stand. Can. J. Soil Sci. 1998;78:35-44.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire severity/ soil chemistry/ forest fire/ nutrient cycles/ soil chemistry/ fire ecology
     

143. Jolly DF. Challenge Address: Fire in Wilderness and Park Management. Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ wildland fire

144. Jones B, Fox SF, Leslie DM,Jr, Engle DM, Lochmiller RL. Herpetofaunal Responses To Brush Management With Herbicide And Fire. Journal of Range Management. 2000;53:154-158.
     Keywords: reptiles/ amphibians/ brush management/ tebuthiuron/ prescribed burning/ Oklahoma/ fire/ herbicide
     

145. Kafka Victor , Gauthier Sylvie, Bergeron Yves. Fire Impacts And Crowning In The Boreal Forest: Study Of A Large Wildfire In Western Quebec. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2001;10(2):119-127.
     

146. Kahn WC. Observations on the Effect of a Burn on a Population of Sceloporus occidentalis. Ecology. 1960;41:358-359.
     Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed fire/ reptiles/ Sceloporous occidentalis

147. Kalisz Paul J , Powell Janet E. Effects Of Prescribed Fire On Soil Invertebrates In Upland Forests On The Cumberland Plateau Of Kentucky, USA. Natural Areas Journal. 2000;20(4):336-341.
     

148. Kauffman JB. The Relationship Between Fire and Human Land Use: Influences on Wildlife Habitats and Implications for Ecological Restoration. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: The Biological Setting-- Fire Ecology and Fire Behavior; Spokane, Washington.
     Keywords: fire effects/ restoration

149. Keane RE, Arno SF. Whitebark Pine Ecosystem Restoration in Western Montana . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: restoration/ landscape ecology/ prescribed fire/ silviculture

150. Keane RE, Menakis JP, Hann WJ. Coarse-Scale Restoration Planning and Design in Interior Columbia River Basin Ecosystems: An Example for Restoring Declining Whitebark Pine Forests . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
     Keywords: GIS/ restoration/ fuels/ prescribed fire

151. Keifer M. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference: Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL.
     Keywords: fire effects/ fuels/ prescribed fire/ forest management/ monitoring

152. Keller F, Lischke H, Mathis T, et al. Effects Of Climate, Fire, And Humans On Forest Dynamics: Forest Simulations Compared To The Paleological Record. Ecological Modelling. 2002; 152(2-3):109-127.
     

153. Kerby JL, Kats LB. Modified Interactions Between Salamander Life Stages Caused By Wildfire-Induced Sedimentation. Ecology. 1998;79:740-745.
     Keywords: behavior/ cannibalism/ wildfire/ life stages/ California Newt/ Taricha torosa/ amphibians/ salamanders/ diet preferences/ wildland fire/ indirect effects/ riparian/ chaparral/ California
     

154. Kessler WB. Natural Fire Regimes and the Management of Boreal and Sub-Boreal Forests in Canada. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 90.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ fire regime/ forest management

155. Kilgore BM. From Fire Control To Fire Management: An Ecological Basis For Policies. Conservation News. 1977;2-6.
     Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ suppression

156. Kilgore BM, Nichols T. National Park Service Fire Policies and Programs. Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

157. King G, Bevis K, Rowe M, Hanson E. Spotted Owl Use of Habitat Impacted by 1994 Fires on the Yakama Indian Reservation. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 92-96.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ forest management/ birds

158. Kirkland GL, Snoddy HW, Amsler TL. Impact Of Fire On Small Mammals And Amphibians In A Central Appalachian Deciduous Forest. American Midland Naturalist. 1996;135:253-260.
     Keywords: amphibians/ small mammals/ fire effects
     

159. Kirkpatrick C, DeStefano S, Mannan RW, Lloyd J. Trends In Abundance Of Grassland Birds Following A Spring Prescribed Burn In Southern Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist. 2002;47(2):282-292.
     

160. Knick ST. The Role of Fire in Long-Term Management. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session B; Spokane, WA . 58.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ land management

161. Knick ST, Rotenberry JT. Landscape Characteristics Of Disturbed Shrubsteppe Habitats In Southwestern Idaho (U.S.A.). Landscape Ecology. 1997;12:287-297.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ landscape ecology/ fire mosaic/ agriculture/ Artemisia tridentata/ Bromus tectorum/ disturbance regime/ exotic annual grassland/ habitat fragmentation/ landscape characteristics/ military training/ shrubsteppe/ wildfire
     

162. Kramp BA, Patton DR, Brady WW. USDA Forest Service, Southwestern Region ; 1983.
     Keywords: Fire effects/ Wildland fire/ Vertebrates
     

163. Kreisel KJ, Stein SJ. Winter And Summer Bird Use Of Burned And Unburned Coniferous Forests. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 79-84.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ fire effects/ birds

164. Kuddes-Fischer LM, Arthur MA. Response of Understory Vegetation and Tree Regeneration to a Single Prescribed Fire in Oak-Pine Forests. Natural Areas Journal. 2002;22:43-52.
     Keywords: oak-pine forest/ oak regeneration/ prescribed burning/ species richness/ understory vegetation
     

165. Kurth LL. Examples of Fire Restoration in Glacier National Park . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: restoration/ fire policy/ prescribed fire

166. Kushla JD, Ripple WJ. The Role Of Terrain In A Fire Mosaic Of A Temperate Coniferous Forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 1997;95:97-107.
     Keywords: digital elevation model (DEM)/ fire ecology/ forest survival/ pacific northwest/ terrain/ wildfire
     

167. LaRosa AM, Floyd LM. Predicting Fire Effects on Rare Plant Taxa: a Management Perspective. Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ fire effects/ land management

168. Larsen CPS. Spatial And Temporal Variations In Boreal Forest Fire Frequency In Northern Alberta. Journal of Biogeography. 1997;24:663-673.
     Keywords: fire regime/ fire history/ Alberta/ boreal forest/ climate change/ dendroecology/ disturbance/ fire
     

169. LaSalle VJS. A Vision for the Future of Fire in Wilderness . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ wilderness/ prescribed fire
     
170. Lawrence GE. Ecology Of Vertebrate Animals In Relation To Chaparral Fire In The Sierra Nevada Foothills. Ecology. 1966;47:278-291.
     Keywords: ecology/ vertebrates/ birds/ small mammals/ reptiles/ fire effects/ fire temperature/ prescribed burning/ vegetation composition/ vegetation structure/ vegetation response/ habitat alteration/ chaparrel mouse/ Peromyscus truei/ body condition/ chaparrel/ California
     

171. Leenhouts B. Restoring Western Wildland Fire as an Ecological Process-- Is it Possible? Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Fire Regimes and Ecology of Northwest Ecosystems; Spokane, WA. 30-34.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ fire ecology

172. Leenhouts B. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wilderness Planning Considerations . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ wilderness/ prescribed fire

173. Letey J. Causes and Consequence of Fire-Induced Soil Water Repellency. Hydrological Processes. 2001;15(15):2867-2876.
     Keywords: runoff/ erosion/ infiltration/ water drop penetration time/ contact angle/ water entry pressure
     

174. Leuschen TJ. Restoring Fire to Mixed Conifer Forests in the Northern Cascades . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration

175. Lillywhite HB, Friedman G, Ford N. Color Matching and Perch Selection by Lizards in Recently Burned Chaparral. Copeia. 1977;1977:115-121.
     Keywords: fire effects/ reptiles/ habitat selection
     

176. Lillywhite HB, North F. Perching Behavior of Sceloporus occidentalis in Recently Burned Chaparral. Copeia. 1974;1974:256-257.
     Keywords: fire effects/ reptiles/ behavior/ Chaparral/ habitat selection
     Abstract: Herpetological Notes

177. Lips KR. Vertebrates Associated With Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Burrows In Four Habitats In South-Central Florida. Journal of Herpetology. 1991;25:477-481.
     Keywords: gopher tortoise / Gopherus polyphemus / reptiles / herpetofauna / threatened species / burrows / burrow associates / vertebrate associates / burrow competition / interspecific competition / active burrows / inactive burrows / burrow size / fire / amphibians / small mammals / medium mammals / furbearers / vertebrate species diversity / vertebrate species relative abundance / sand pine scrub / slash pine-turkey oak / slash pine-hardwoods / pine-hardwoods / scrubby flatwoods / burned flatwoods / unburned flatwoods / sand pine / Pinus clausa / south Florida slash pine / Pinus elliottii var. densa / southern pines / scrub oaks / Quercus inopina / turkey oak / Quercus laevis / sand live oak / Quercus geminata / southern scrub oak / miscellaneous southern types / Florida / southeast
     

178. Little SN, Ohmann JL. Estimating Nitrogen Lost From Forest Floor During Prescribed Fires In Douglas-Fir/Western Hemlock Clearcuts. Forest Science. 1988;34:152-164.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ logging/ soil chemistry/ fire effects

179. Loeb Robert E . Fire In The Urban Forest: Long-Term Effects In Old Growth Stands. Arboricultural Journal. 2001;25(4):307-320.
     

180. Loomis JB, Gonzales-Caban A, Gregory R. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station; 1996.
     Keywords: forest management/ TAE

181. Lord B. Long Term Effects of Repeated Burning on Understorey Containing Rare Vegetation Communities. Fire Effects on Rare and Endanagered and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:179.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ modeling/ fire effects/ fire intensity/ forest ecology

182. Lunney D, Cullis B, Eby P. Effects Of Logging And Fire On Small Mammals In Mumbulla State Forest, Near Bega, New South Whales. Aust. Wildl. Res. 1987;14:163-81.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ logging/ demographics/ rodents

183. Lunney D, Eby P, O'Connell M. Effects Of Logging, Fire And Drought On Three Species Of Lizards In Mumbulla State Forest On The South Coast Of New South Whales. Australian Journal of Ecology. 1991;16:33-46.
     Keywords: grass skink/ Lampropholis guichenoti/ delicate skink/ Lampropholis delicata/ water skink/ Eulamprus heatwolei/ forest management/ drought/ fire effects/ reptiles / wildland fire
     

184. Madden EM, Hansen AJ, Murphy RK. Influence of Prescribed Fire History on Habitat and Abundance of Passerine Birds in Northern Mixed-Grass Prairie. Canadian Field-Naturalist. 1999;113:627-640.
     Keywords: Baird's Sparrow/ Ammodramus bairdii/ Sprague's Pipit/ Anthus spragueii/ grassland/ habitat management/ grassland birds/ fire ecology/ plant succession/ mixed-grass prairie/ North Dakota/ Great Plains
     

185. Main MB, Richardson LW. Response Of Wildlife To Prescribed Fire In Wouthwest Florida Pine Flatwoods. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 2002;30(1):213-221.
     Keywords: Florida habitat/ infrared camera/ management/ Meleagris gallopavo/ Odocoileus virginianus/ pine flatwoods/ prescribed fire/ white-tailed deer/ wildlife/ wild turkey
     

186. Malamud BD, Morein G, Turcotte DL. Forest Fires: An Example Of Self-Organized Critical Behavior. Science. 1998;281:1840-1842.
     Keywords: fire regime/ fire behavior/ prescribed fire/ wildland fire
     

187. McFadzen M, Sallie Hejl. What Do Cavity-Nesting Birds, Salvage Logging, And Post-Fire Forests Have In Common? Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 77.
     Keywords: fire effects/ logging/ birds

188. McLeod RF, Gates JE. Response of Herpetofaunal Communities to Forest Cutting and Burning at Chesapeake Farms, Maryland. American Midland Naturalist. 1997;139:164-177.
     Keywords: logging/ prescribed fire/ amphibians/ reptiles
     

189. Means JE, Cissel JH, Swanson FJ. Fire History and Landscape Restoration in Douglas-fir Ecosystems of Western Oregon . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996: Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
     Keywords: fire history/ landscape ecology/ restoration/ fire effects

190. Means J, Spies T, Chen S, Kertis J, Teensma P. Forests of the Oregon Coast Range-- Considerations for Ecological Restoration . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996: Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
     Keywords: landscape ecology/ restoration

191. Meehan WR, Editor. Influences Of Forest And Rangeland Management On Salmonid Fishes And Their Habitats. Bethesda, Maryland, USA: American Fisheries Society; 1991;Special Publication 19:175-177,270-276.
     Keywords: fire retardant/ forest chemicals

192. Meyer GA, Pierce JL, Wood SH, et al. Fire, Storms, and Erosional Events in the Idaho Batholith. Hydrological Processes. 2001;15(15):3025-3038.
     Keywords: wildfire, debris flows, sheetfloods, infiltration, runoff, erosion, sediment yield, Holocene climate
     

193. Michael ED, Thornburgh PI. Immediate Effects of Hardwood Removal and Prescribed Burning on Bird Populations. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1971;15:359-370.
     Keywords: fire effects/ birds/ logging

194. Miller R, Rose J, Svejcar T. Fire in the Great Basin. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Fire Regimes and Ecology of Northwest Ecosystems; Spokane, WA. 19-25.
     Keywords: fire history

195. Minshall GW, Brock JT, Andrews DA, Robinson CT. Water Quality, Substratum And Biotic Responses Of Five Central Idaho (USA) Streams During The First Year Following The Mortar Creek Fire. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2001;10:185-199.
     Keywords: benthos/ dissolved nutrients/ macroinvertebrates/ particulate organic matter/ periphyton/ sediments/ wilderness/ wildfire
     

196. Minshall GW, Robinson CT, Lawrence DE. Postfire Responses of Lotic Ecosystems in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Canadian Journal of Aquatic Sciences. 1997;54:2509-2525.
     Keywords: streams/ fire recovery/ stream chemistry/ woody debris/ macroinvertebrates/ wildfire

197. Minshall GW, Robinson CT, Lawrence DE, andrews DA, Brock JT. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages In Five Central Idaho (USA) Streams Over A 10-Year Period Following Disturbance By Wildfire. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2001;10:201-213.
     Keywords: benthic organic matter/ drought/ ecology/ fire/ wildfire/ landscape/ periphyton/ wilderness/ macroinvertebrates
     

198. Mitchell B. The Federal Clean Air Act and Its Impact on Fire Management Programs . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ emission
     

199. Moody JA, Martin DA. Post-Fire, Rainfall Intensity-Peak Discharge Relations For Three Mountainous Watersheds In The Western USA. Hydrological Processes. 2001;15(15):2981-2994.
     Keywords: wildfire/ rainfall/ runoff/ rainfall intensity/ peak discharge
     

200. Moran Matthew D . Seasonal Variation Of Top-Down, Bottom-Up, And Fire Effects In A Natural Grassland Community. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2001;86:162.

201. Morgan P, Bunting SC. Changing Fire Regimes in the Interior Columbia River Basin: 1900-Present. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Fire Regimes and Ecology of Northwest Ecosystems; Spokane, WA. 26-29.
     Keywords: fire history/ fire regime

202. Morton S. Meeting Wilderness Goals: A Wilderness Specialist's Perspective . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

203. Murphy EM. Public Involvement in Wilderness Fire Planning and Decision Making . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ wilderness/ prescribed fire

204. Murphy JICFT. Planning and Executing Prescribed Burns to Conform to Endangered Species Act Requirements. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d'Alene, ID. IAWF.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ TAE

205. Murray MP, Bunting SC, Morgan P. Subalpine Ecosystems: The Roles of Whitebark Pine and Fire. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:295.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire regime/ forest ecology/ subalpine zone

206. Mushinski HR. Fire And The Florida Sandhill Herpetofaunal Community: With Special Attention To Responses Of Cnemidophorous sexlineatus. Herpetologica. 1985;41:333-342.
     Keywords: fire ecology/ sandhill/ herpetofauna/ fire effects/ prescribed fire/ Cnemidophorus sexlineatus
     

207. Mushinsky HR. Natural History And Abundance Of Southeastern Five-Lined Skinks, Eumeces inexpectatus, On A Periodically Burned Sandhill In Florida. Herpetologica. 1992;48:307-312.
     Keywords: southeastern five-lined skink / Eumeces inexpectatus / reptiles / herpetofauna population abundance / natural history / prescribed burning/ fire frequency / stand structure / vegetation composition/ vegetation structure/ ground cover / litter cover / litter layer / scrub habitat / sandhills / pine-hardwoods / Florida
     

208. Mushinsky HR, Gibson DJ; The Influence of Fire Periodicity on Habitat Structure. Bell SS, McCoy ED, Mushinsky HR, eds. Habitat Structure: The Physical Arrangement of Objects in Space. London: Chapman and Hall; 1991:237-259.
     Keywords: fire ecology / prescribed burning / prescribed fire / fire frequency / burning cycles / succession / regeneration / habitat structure / stand structure / overstory vegetation / canopy cover / understory vegetation / ground cover / grasses / herbaceous vegetation / litter cover / litter layer / sandhills / tall-pine habitat / longleaf pine / Pinus palustris / turkey oak / Quercus laevis / sand live oak / Quercus geminata / pine-hardwoods / herpetofauna / reptiles / six-lined racerunner / Cnemidophorus sexlineatus / Cnemidophorus sexlineatus sexlineatus / southeastern five-lined skink / Eumeces inexpectatus / Florida crowned snake / Tantilla relicta / gopher tortoise / Gopherus polyphemus / threatened species / ground skink / Scincella lateralis / Florida / southeast

209. Mushinsky HR, Witz BW. Notes on the Peninsula Crowned Snake, Tantilla relicta, in Periodically Burned Habitat. J. Herpetol. 1993;27:468-470.
     Keywords: peninsula crowned snake / Tantilla relicta relicta / reptiles / herpetofauna/ morphology/ population distribution/ prescribed burning/ fire effects/ fire frequency/ sandhills/ pine-hardwoods/ Florida

210. Mutch RW. Fire Management Requirements for Sustaining Viable Wildlife Habitats. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest: The Biological Setting-- Fire Ecology and Fire Behavior; Spokane, WA. 13-16.
     Keywords: wildlife management/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

211. Mutch RW. Prescribed Fires in Wilderness: How Successful? Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

212. Mutch RW. A Return to Ecosystem Health. Journal of Forestry. 1994;92:31-33.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ fire regime/ ecosystem stress

213. Mutch RW, Cook WA. Restoring Fire to Ecosystems: Methods Vary With Land Management Goals. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ forest management

214. Myers RL. Designing Fire Regimes for Biodiversity Conservation. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitat Conference: Coeur d'Alene, Idahp. IAWF; 1997.
     Keywords: fire regime/ modeling/ wildland fire/ prescribed fire

215. Neckels J. Wilderness and Park Fire Policies and Programs: Vision of the Future . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ fire policy/ prescribed fire/ fire policy
     :

216. Norum R. The National Park Service Program . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy
     
217. Noson AC, Schmitz RA, Miller RF. Avian response to prescribed fire in a sagebrush-shrubsteppe ecosystem. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2001;86(168).

218. Ottmar RD, Schaaf MD, Alvarado E. Smoke Considerations for Using Fire in Maintaining Healthy Forest Ecosystems . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ emission/ wildland fire

219. Parker KR, Kessler WB. Utility of Remnant Patches of Old-Growth Forest to Neotropical Migratory Birds in North-Central British Columbia. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 91.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ demographics

220. Parr CL, Bond WJ, Robertson HG. A Preliminary Study Of The Effect Of Fire On Ants (Formicidae) In A South African Savanna. African Entomology. 2002;10(1):101-111.
     

221. Parris Leslie B , Allen Craig R , Schmidt Elise V, Horton Mac . Predicting the Vulnerability of Endangered Vertebrate Species To Fire Ant Impacts Using Landscape Level Predictors. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2001;86:174.

222. Parsons DJ, Botti SJ. Restoration of Fire in National Parks . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration; Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Assessing Needs for Fire in Restoration.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ wildland fire/ restoration/ fire policy

223. Parsons DJ, DeBenedetti SH. Impact of Fire Suppression on a Mixed-Conifer Forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 1979;2:21-33.
     Keywords: fire effects/ fire suppression/ mixed-conifer forest/ age structure/ species composition/ California/ Sequoia National Park/ Kings Canyon National Park

224. Patterson GB. The Effect Of Burning-Off Tussock Grassland On The Population Density Of Common Skinks. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 1984;11:189-194.
     Keywords: Common skink/ Leiolopisma nigriplantare maccanni/ reptile/ fire effects/ prescribed burning/ population density/ mark-recapture/ tussock grassland/ New Zealand
     

225. Paul K. Thorn Prairie Big Game Winter Range Habitat Enhancement. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session A; Spokane, WA. 39-42.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ wildlife management/ land management

226. Pickering DL. Fire: A Double-Edged Sword in Butterfly Management-- The Case of the Oregon Silverpost Butterfly. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Use of Prescribed Fire for Habitat Enhancement-- Session B; Spokane, WA. 53.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ butterfly

227. Pickering DL. The Influence Of Fire On West Coast Grasslands And Concerns About Its Use As A Management Tool- A Case Study Of The Oregon Silverspot Butterfly Speyeria Zerene Hippolyta (Lepidoptera, Nyphalidae). Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. U.S.A.: IAWF; 1995.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ land management/ butterfly/ grasslands

228. Pilliod D, Bury RB, Hyde EJ, Pearl CA, Corn PS. Fire and Aquatic Amphibians in North America. Forest Ecology and Management. 2003;In Press.
     Keywords: amphibians, aquatic ecosystems, fuel reduction, prescribed fire, wildland fire

      

229. Poncin DE. Prescribed Natural Fire Strategies and Tactics . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ fire policy/ prescribed fire
     Abstract:

230. Popovich SJ, Pyke DA. Impacts of Wildfire Rehabilitation and Plow-and -seed Land Treatments on Fitness Parameters of an Endemic Milkvetch. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene, Idaho. IAWF; 1997:27.
     Keywords: restoration/ regeneration/ wildland fire/ fire effects

231. Potter Lesley M . Forests and Grassland, Drought and Fire: The Island of Borneo in the Historical Environmental Record (Post-1800). Advances in Geoecology. Bridging Wallace's Line: The Environmental and Cultural History and Dynamics of the SE-Asian-Australian Region. 2002;34 :339-356.

232. Poulton B, Hamilton S, Buhl K, Vyas N, Hill E, Larson D.
     Keywords: toxicity/ fire effects/ fire retardant chemicals

233. Price MVWNM. On the Relative Abundance of Species: Postfire Changes in a Coastal Sage Scrub Rodent Community. Ecology. 1984;65:1161-1169.
     Keywords: fire effects/ forest ecology/ rodents
     

234. Provencher L, Gobris NM, Brennan LA. Effects of Hardwood Reduction on Winter Birds in Northwest Florida Longleaf Pine Sandhill Forests. Auk. 2002;119(1):71-87.
     Keywords: foraging behavior/ georgia piedmont/ communities/ habitat/ ecosystems/ management/ responses/ sparrow/ flocks
     

235. Pyle WH, Gruell GE. The Historic Role of Fire at Sheldon-- Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Nevada-- Oregon. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Recent Research on Fire and Wildlife-- Session C; Spokane, WA. 118.
     Keywords: fire history

236. Pyne SJ. Vestal Fires and Virgin Lands: A Reburn . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness/ wildland fire

237. Radloff DL, Schopper WC, Yancik RF. Slash Fire Hazard Analysis on the Siskiyou National Forest. Environmental Management. 1982;6:517-526.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ prescribed fire/ fuels/ logging

238. Raphael MG, Morrison ML, Yoder-Williams MP. Breeding Bird Populations During Twenty-Five Years of PostFire Succession in the Sierra Nevada. The Condor. 1987;89:614-626.
     Keywords: Fire Effects/ Sucession/ Birds

239. Raphael MG, White M. Use of Snags by Cavity-Nesting Birds in the Sierra Nevada. 86 ed. Wildlife Monographs; 1986.
     Keywords: fire effects/ forest ecology/ birds

240. Reinhardt ED, Brown JK, Fischer WC, Graham RT. USDA, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1991.
     Keywords: fire effects/ fuel moisture/ forest management

241. Robertson A, Jarvis AM. Oxpeckers In North-Eastern Namibia: Recent Population Trends And The Possible Negative Impacts Of Drought And Fire. Biological Conservation. 2000;92(2):241-247.
     Keywords: oxpeckers/ Namibia/ ticks/ Caprivi/ population decline/ matobo national-park/ Amblyomma-hebraeum/ host selection/ ixodid ticks/ Zimbabwe/ Africa/ variegatum/ behavior/ impala
     

242. Roppe JA, Hein D. Effects Of Fire On Wldlife In A Lodgepole Pine forest. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1978;23:279-288.
     Keywords: fire effects/ wildland fire/ mammals/ birds

243. Russell KR, van Lear DH, Guynn DC, Jr. Prescribed Fire Effects on Herpetofauna: Review and Management Implications. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 1999;27(2):374-384.
     Keywords: amphibians/ prescribed burning/ fire/ reptiles/ disturbance/ herpetofauna/ fire effects/ management

244. Ruthven DC III , Gallagher JF, Synatzske DR. Effect Of Fire And Grazing On Forbs In The Western South Texas Plains. Southwestern Naturalist. 2000;45(2):89-94.
     Keywords: vegetation
     

245. Saab VA, Vierling KT. Reproductive success of Lewis's Woodpecker in burned pine and cottonwood riparian forests. Condor. 2001;103(3):491-501.
     

246. Sallabanks R, McIver JD. Response of Breeding Bird Communities to Wildfire in the Oregon Blue Mountains: The First Three Yeras Following the Twin Lakes Fire, 1995-1997. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Spokane, WA. 85-89.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ birds

247. Sannier CAD, Taylor JC, Du Plessis W. Real-Time Monitoring Of Vegetation Biomass With NOAA-AVHRR In Etosha National Park, Namibia, For Fire Risk Assessment. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 2002;23(1):71-89.
     

     Keywords: ground radiometer measurements/ african savanna trees/ southern africa/ satellite/ reflectance/ calibration/ botswana/ model/ index
     

248. Schmidt GR. Can We Restore the Fire Process? What Awaits Us if We Don't? Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996: Epilogue.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ restoration

249. Schmoyer-Weber J. Public Information on Actively Burning Prescribed Natural Fires . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ wilderness/ prescribed fire/ journalism
     

250. Schoennagel T, Turner MG, Romme WH, Waller DM. Temporal And Spatial Effects Of Fire On Initial Pathways Of Succession Across The Yellowstone Landscape. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting Abstracts. 2001;86:201.

251. Schwilk DW, Keeley JE. Rodent Populations After A Large Wildfire In California Chaparrel and Coastal Sage Scrub. The Southwestern Naturalist. 1998;43:480-483.
     Keywords: fire effects/ wildfire/ small mammals/ spatial distribution/ species diversity/ live trap
     

252. Scott J. Restoring Recreational and Residential Forests. Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: restoration/ silviculture/ logging/ prescribed fire/ forest management

253. Sexton J. Ecological Effects of Salvage Logging and Grass Seeding Following the Lone Pine Fire, Winema National Forest. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest-- Research, Policy, and Management: Post-Fire Rehabilitation and Recovery; Spokane, WA. 61-64.
     Keywords: wildland fire/ logging

254. Shriver W Gregory , Vickery Peter D. Response Of Breeding Florida Grasshopper And Bachman's Sparrows To Winter Prescribed Burning. Journal of Wildlife Management. 2001;65(3):470-475.
     

255. Silverman A. Appropriate Risks for Recreation in Wildlands . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: lLand management/ wilderness
     

256. Simon NPP, Stratton CB, Forbes GJ, Schwab FE. Similarity of Small Mammal Abundance in Post-Fire and Clearcut Forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 2002;165:163-172.
     

257. Simons LH. Rodent Dynamics in Relation to Fire in the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Mammalogy. 1991;72:518-524.
     Keywords: fire ecology/ rodents
     

258. Simons LH. Rodent Dynamics in Burned and Unburned Desert Habitat With Tests of the Effects of Fire. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona State University; 1986.
     Keywords: fire effects/ rodents

259. Skinner C. Fire History in Riparian Reserves of the Klamath Mountains. Symposium on Fire in California Ecosystems: Integrating Ecology, Prevention, and Management; San Diego, CA.
     Keywords: fire history/ riparian system

260. Smith C. Fire Issues and Communication by the Media . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Constraints and Solutions.
     Keywords: fire policy/ journalism

261. Smith JKFWC. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1997.
     Keywords: fire effects/ fire ecology/ fuels/ forest management

262. Smith LJ, Holycross AT, Painter CW, Douglas ME. Montane Rattlesnakes and Prescribed Fire. Southwestern Naturalist. 2001;46(1): 54-61.
     Keywords: Australia, sandhill, Florida, Crotalus
     

263. Snell K. Wildland Emission Tradeoff Modeling. Fire and Wildlife in the Pacific Northwest: Fire Behavior and Fire Effects Models; Spokane, WA. 75-76.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ wildland fire/ modeling/ emmision

264. Stankey G, McCool SF. Evolving Conceptions of Wilderness: Implications for the Management of Fire . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: fire policy/ land management/ wilderness

265. Stauber RL. Availability of Resources and Funding . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Goals and Policies.
     Keywords: land management/ prescribed fire/ fire policy

266. Stewart C. Restoring Historic Landscape Patterns Through Management: Restoring Fire Mosaics on the Landscape . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration: Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration of Fire in Inland Forests.
     Keywords: restoration/ landscape ecology/ prescribed fire/ fire mosaics

267. Stokes J. Planning for Desired Future Conditions in Wilderness . Symposium on Fire in Wilderness and Park Management: Missoula, Montana. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1995:Programs and Future Opportunities.
     Keywords: land management/ wilderness/ prescribed fire
     

268. Sullivan TP. Comparative Demography of Peromyscus maniculatus and Microtus oregoni Populations After Logging and Burning of Coastal Forest Habitats. Can. J. Zool. 1980;58:2252-2259.
     Keywords: fire effects/ forest management/ logging/ rodents/ demographics

269. Swanson FJ. USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1981.
     Keywords: fire effects/ sedimentation/ erosion

270. Swanson FJ, Lienkaemper GW. Portland, Oregon: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; 1978.
     Keywords: fire effects/ stream continuum/ sedimentation

271. Swengel AB. A Literature Review Of Insect Responses To Fire, Compared To Other Conservation Managements Of Open Habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation. 2001;10(7):1141-1169.
     

272. Swetnam TW, Allen CD, Betancourt JL. Applied Historical Ecology: Using the Past to Manage For the Future. Ecological Applications. 1999;9(4):1189-1206.
     Keywords: climate change/ disturbance/ fire history/ historical ecology/ packrat middens/ paleoecology/ range of natural variation/ repeat photography/ restoration/ southwestern United States/ tree rings/ vegetation change
     

273. Taylor AH, Skinner CN. Fire History and Landscape Dynamics in a Late-Successional Reserve, Klamath Mountains, California, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 1998;111:285-301.
     Keywords: fire behavior/ fire regime/ forest management/ age-classes/ Douglas-fir/ fire ecology/ fire regimes/ landscape ecology/ stand structure
     

274. Taylor Jennifer E , Fox Barry J. Assessing The Disturbance Impact On Vegetation And Lizard Communities Of Fluoride Pollution Interacting With Fire And Mining In Eastern Australia. Austral Ecology. 2001;26(4):321-337.
     Keywords: Amphibolurus/ Ctenotus/ fire/ fluoride pollution/ Lampropholis/ mining/ reptile/ coastal heath/ open-forest/ recolonization/ succession/ Tomago/ nsw/ diversity
     

275. Teensma PD. Integrating Fire Management Into Land Management Planning for Westside Forests . Annual Meeting of the Society for Ecological Restoration-- The Use of Fire in Forest Restoration : Seattle, WA. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station; 1996:Restoration in Pacific Westside Forests.
     Keywords: prescribed fire/ forest management

276. Tester JRL. Effects of a Controlled Burn on Small Mammals in a Minnesota Oak-Savanna. American Midland Naturalist. 1965;74:240-243.
     Keywords: fire effects/ mammals
     

277. Thomas PA. Fire and the Conservation of Succulents in Grasslands. Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference: Coeur d' Alene. IAWF; 1997:173.
     Keywords: fire effects/ prescribed fire/ regeneration/ grasslands

278. Tiedemann AR, Klemmedson JO, Bull EL. Solution of Forest Health Problems With Prescribed Fire: Are Forest Productivity and Wildlife at Risk? Forest Ecology and Management. 2000;127:1-18.
     Keywords: biomass/ decomposition/ down wood/ forest floor/ fuels/ nutrients (soil and biomass)/ snags/ southwestern ponderosa pine/ northeastern oregon/ long-term/ nitrogen availability/ pileated woodpeckers/ hardwood stands/ organic-matter/ nutrients
     

279. Tiedemann AR, Woodard PM. Multiresource Effects Of A Stand-Replacement Prescribed Fire In The Pinus Contorta-Abies Lasiocarpa Vegetation Zone Of Central Washington. General Technical Report, Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service. 2002;535:1-26.
     

280. Townsend SA, Douglas MM. The Effect Of Three Fire Regimes On Stream Water Quality, Water Yield And Export Coefficients In A Tropical Savanna (Northern Australia). Journal of Hydrology. 2000;229:118-137.
     Keywords: fire/ sediment/ nitrogen/ phosphorus/ water quality
     

281. Trainor CR, Woinarski JCZ. Resposes of Lizards to Three Experimental Fires in the Savanna Forests of Kakadu National Park. Wildlife Research. 1994;21:131-148.
     Keywords: fire effects/ lizard ecology/ habitat structure
     

282. Turner MG, Dale VH, Everham III EH. Fires, Hurricanes, and Volcanoes: Comparing Large Disturbances. BioScience.</