Schindler, Daniel E. and Wendy J. Palen, 2002, Olympic National Park Amphibian Inventory and Monitoring (2000-2002):.This is part of the following larger work.
Palen, W.J., Schindler, D.E., Adams, M.J., P, 2001, Optical characteristics of natural waters protect amphibians from UV-B in the Pacific Northwest: Ecology 83 (11), 2951-2957.
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 100 |
| Units: | percent |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 100 |
| Units: | percent |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 100 |
| Units: | percent |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| N | No |
| Y | Yes |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | none |
| Maximum: | no limiT |
| Units: | degrees celcius |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| 0 | absent |
| 1 | present, but not breeding |
| 2 | present and evidence of breeding |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | square meters |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| <1 | less than 1 meter |
| 1-2 | 1 to 2 meters |
| >2 | greater than 2 meters |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | none |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | square meters |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| Y | fish present |
| N | fish absent |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | meters |
List of site identifiers
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 1 |
| Maximum: | 14 |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 10 |
| Maximum: | 19 |
List of unique site identifiers
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | individuals per square meter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0000 |
| Maximum: | 2400 |
| Units: | hours minutes |
| Resolution: | 1 |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| silt/mud | |
| sm cobble | small cobble |
| med cobble | medium cobble |
| lg cobble | large cobble |
| bedrock |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 1000000 |
| Units: | meters |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | meters |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | milliliters |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| 5 | |
| 10 | |
| 50 | |
| 200 | |
| 1000 |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Resolution: | 0.0001 |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 (missing values are null) |
| Maximum: | unknown |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 (missing value is null) |
| Maximum: | unknown negative number |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 100 |
| Units: | percent |
| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| DOC | dissolved organic carbon |
| ABS | UV absorption estimate |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | millimols |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 (missing value is null) |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | micrograms per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
| Units: | micrograms per liter |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | centimeters |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | milligrams per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | degrees Celcius |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0000 (null = NR) |
| Maximum: | 2400 |
| Units: | HHMM |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | greater than 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | milliliters |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 1 |
| Maximum: | 3 |
| Resolution: | 1 |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | greater than 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | millimeters |
List of taxa descriptions
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | count per liter |
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown |
| Units: | centimeters |
List of classes
| Range of values | |
|---|---|
| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | no limit |
date recorded as day-month-year (##-MMM-##)
List of families
List of orders
This research was funded by USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center and Olympic National Park.
(206) 221-6884 (voice)
Inventory and monitoring efforts in Olympic National Park
Total nitrogen and total phosphorous samples were collected as unfiltered surface water (125 ml) in acid washed polyethylene bottles and frozen within 5 days of collection. To explore the spatial and temporal variation in nutrient concentrations, a sub-set of frozen samples were then analyzed with a Carlo Erba CHN analyzer (Wetzel and Likens 1991, American Public Health Association 1992). Dissolved oxygen (DO) was estimated with a hand-held meter corrected for temperature (Yellow Springs Incorporated, Model DO550) at 10cm depth intervals, and pH estimated from the surface waters with a waterproof field meter calibrated weekly (Accumet AP63 portable pH meter). Photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll-a and phaeophyton) were collected by filtration of surface water through a 0.7-micron glass fiber filter (Whatman GF-C, 47mm diameter). Filters were held on ice until being frozen upon return to the lab (< 7 days after collection) and then extracted in 30 mL HPLC grade methanol for 24 hours. We calculated the fluorescence of the supernatant of extracted pigments with a Turner model 450 flurometer under standard and acidified conditions according to the methods of Marker et al. (1980).
The exposure of amphibians to potentially harmful levels of UV-B radiation is a function of the ambient flux of UV-B radiation, optical properties of the environment, and behavioral adaptations of individuals. Based on the potential for UV-B to regulate amphibian populations in Olympic National Park, we collected water samples to characterize the seasonal and annual variation in the transmission of UV-B radiation in each of the focal sites around Clear Lake.
Water samples (125 ml) for dissolved organic matter and absorption of 440 nm light were filtered through a 0.2-micron syringe filter (2000: Gelman Acrodisc, nylon, 25 mm diameter, 2001-2002: Millipore, PTFE , 47 mm diameter) and refrigerated in the dark at 4-10°C until analysis. Dissolved organic matter was estimated by catalytic oxidation infrared detection using a Shimadzu total organic carbon analyzer. Absorbance (A) of 440 nm light passed through a 10-cm quartz cuvette (path length, z) containing each filtered water sample was determined using a Shimadzu UV-2100 model double beam spectrophotometer, and related to absorption (a) at 440 nm according to Lambert’s and Beer’s Laws, where a440 = ((2.303 x A440)/z). Estimates of in situ UV-B attenuation coefficients (Kd) made at seven sites in Olympic National Park were determined as part of the U.S. EPA’s PRIMENet program, and were collected on clear sky days within 2 h of solar noon (Kirk 1994b, Peterson et al. 2002). Attenuation coefficients reported for a given site represent the average of three consecutive light profiles, where five to six measurements were made for each profile from just above the water surface to a depth where 5% of the surface UV-B irradiance remained or the bottom of the pond was reached.
During the summer of 2000, 2001, and 2002, amphibian species presence and breeding effort was assessed on a frequent basis (weekly to monthly) in all sites around Clear Lake and surveys often included sites surrounding Lunch Lake and the Wye Lakes basin. In addition to these regular visits, on two dates during each summer, official amphibian surveys were conducted according to the established Visual Encounter Search method (Bury and Major 1997, Thoms et al. 1997), to allow comparison with existing survey data from the area. According to this technique two trained surveyors wade the shallow water edge of each pond extensively searching the shoreline, substrate, and macrophytes for amphibian species presence and evidence of breeding (indicated by the presence of eggs or larvae). Most sites are visited and surveyed according to this technique twice to estimate species occurrence probabilities.
During summer 2000, we sampled 8 focal ponds around Clear Lake and one site in the Mink Lake-Deer Lake drainage (MD-630) to generate an invertebrate inventory (zooplankton and benthic invertebrates) for a sub-set of amphibian breeding sites. We collected zooplankton from the water column using a 153µm mesh net (0.25 m diameter) towed horizontally just below the surface of each pond. Zooplankton samples were concentrated and preserved in 95% EtOH, identified to genus, and densities calculated based on the assumption of 100% net efficiency (total volume sampled (L) = p · r2 · Length of combined horizontal tows (m), Edmondson and Litt 1982). To develop a taxonomic list of benthic invertebrates and assess their relative abundance we sampled open and vegetated nearshore habitats with timed sweeps of D-shaped nets (10 second sweeps, net: 500 micron mesh, 30.5 cm diameter) in proportion to their occurrence at each site. Given the variety of benthic habitats encountered both within and across sites in the Seven Lakes basin, we determined that true quantitative sampling of benthic invertebrates would be extremely difficult, and chose to focus our sampling primarily on developing site-level inventories.
Reference:
No tests for attribute accuracy were conducted
Refer to Methodology
Data were field checked, entered, and checked again for accuracy. Whenever practical we collected duplicate samples or multiple surveys to estimate the variance in the data
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints: Data are available after research results have been published.
- Use_Constraints: Refer to data set contact above for restrictions on use.
541-750-7343 (voice)
541-758-7761 (FAX)
george_lienkaemper@usgs.gov