Above-ground coarse woody debris was sampled and volume (m3/0.01-ha) estimated at each 10X10-m micro site within each of six 1-ha square sampling grids using a 10-m line intercept centered over each micro site following methods similar to those outlined in Harmon and Sexton (1996). We recorded the diameter of each intercepted log (> 10 cm in diameter and > 1 m in length, excluding snags and rooted stumps), and used the formula described by Harmon and Sexton (1996) to estimate CWD volume.
Understory vegetation was sampled and cover estimated at each micro site by using the line intercepts (Bonham 1989) that were established for CWD sampling. Vegetation cover was classified as fern, herb/grass, or woody shrub (Pojar and Mackinnon 1994).